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Capparis sandwichiana

DC. (1824)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Brassicales Family: Capparaceae Genus: Capparis

Hawaiian caper bush, maiapilo, pilo, pua pilo

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs.

Stems: Stems usually decumbent or prostrate, 1–5 m long, young shoots and buds glabrous to puberulent, usually glabrate with age.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades ovate, elliptic, or broadly elliptic, 2.4–6 cm long, 1.9–5 cm wide. Apex obtuse or emarginate. Blades fleshy, often glaucous. Margins entire. Petioles 1–4 cm long.

Flowers: Flowers solitary, axillary, bracts caducous. Flowers bisexual (perfect), opening after sunset, zygomorphic. Calyx zygomorphic, outer sepal strongly saccate, 2–4 cm long, the others 2–2.5 cm long, glabrous or puberulent at base, sepals 4, in 2 pairs, caducous after anthesis, the outer pair ± concave and enclosing the bud, sepals 4, in 2 pairs, caducous after anthesis. Corolla of 4 petals; petals white, turning pink with age, upper pair rhombic, 2–5.5 cm long, densely pilose along the line of union, lower pair broadly obovate to suborbicular, 3–4.5 cm long, imbricate, not clawed, the lower 2 (abaxial) distinct, the upper 2 (adaxial) asymmetrical and coherent at base. Stamens ca. 120–180, white, turning pink with age; filaments 3–7 cm long; gynophore 1–1.5 cm long at anthesis, elongating to 5–6 cm long in fruit. Stamens usually numerous, (6–)20–200, distinct, exserted, Stamens alternate with the petals; anthers dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 1-celled with (2–)4(–10) placentas, on a gynophore usually as long as or longer than the stamens, irregularly coiled in bud; ovules numerous, ovary superior, 1-celled, placentation parietal.

Fruit: Berries orange at maturity; ellipsoid; 4–5 cm long; 1.7–3 cm in diameter. Seeds dark reddish brown to gray; asymmetrically reniform; 2.5–5 mm long; embedded in foetid orange pulp.

Ploidy: 2n = 40*

Habitat: Scattered on coral; basaltic rocks; or in soil along the coast or somewhat inland.

Elevation Range: 0–100(–575) m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

PROPAGATION/CULTIVATION

  • The fruit of Capparis sandwichiana is a oval orange berry about 1 1/2 inch long. The small reddish brown seeds are embedded in the smelly orange fruit pulp.
  • Boche and Moss recoomend colleting the fruit before it is completely ripened in order to avoid insect damage. Green fruits that are almost mature can be ripened in a sealed plastic bag. The fruits will become orange when they are ripe which takes about 7 to 10 days. Remove the seeds from the soft, ripe fruit by mashing them by hand in a bowl of water. Pour off the pulp and any seeds that float. Boche recommends planting the seeds as soon as they are removed from the fruit. Plant the seeds in a well-drained mix such as 3 parts perlite to 1 part sand or sterile potting mix.
  • Mature seeds germinate readily. In his germination studies, Obata found that untreated seeds of Capparis sandwichiana had germination rates ranging from 30 to 75%. Lilleeng-Rosenberger obtained a germination rate of 70% when fresh seeds were soaked in cold water for 4 days. (Boche 1994; Lilleeng-Rosenberger 1996; NTBG 1994; Obata 1967)
  • Mew reported that he had success using cuttings in a planting mixture of 1 part peat moss to 1 part perlite. Boche recommends using root cuttings planted in 100% red cinder; after sprouting, these should be transplanted to a medium consisting of 1 part black cinder and 1 part compost. (Boche 1994; Mew 1987) [Data from Herring, E. C., & Criley, R. A. (2003). The Hawaiian Native Plant Propagation Web Site: Developing a Webbased Information Resource. HortTechnology, 13(3), 545-548. https://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/hawnprop/]

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Ka'ula Endemic
Ni'ihau(Incl. Lehua) Endemic
Kuaihelani (Midway Atoll) Endemic
Kaua'i Endemic
Manawai (Pearl & Hermes Atoll) Endemic
O'ahu Endemic
Molokai Endemic
Kamole(Laysan Island) Endemic
Lana'i Endemic
Kaho'olawe Endemic
Maui Endemic
Hawai'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Notes

  • Description digitized by Mercedez
  • Description digitized from the Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii

Bibliography

Name Published In: Prodr. 1: 245 (1824)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:492 (Mi, PH, La, Ni, K, O, Mo, L, M, Ka, H); Staples & Herbst 2005:219 (DESCR); Starr & Starr 2013b (Note: La population reintroduced from Campbell Industrial Park, O after natural population destroyed by rabbits in early 1900s); Fici 2015:28 (COMBNOV, STATNOV, Syn. C. sandwichiana = Capparis spinosa subsp. cordifolia, not followed); Starr & Starr 2015b/Jonathan Plissner pers. comm. 2025 (Note: plants reintroduced to Mi but are currently only found under cult.); Starr & Starr 2008/Caum 23 BISH (Mi†, 1923); Starr & Martz 1999/Walker s.n. BISH 584742 (PH†, 1964); Daehler 17 BISH (Kl†, 1971); Note: Kl added, based on BISH spms. (E.L. Caum 1, R. Daehler 17)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Capparis sandwichiana Talus, N. Kona Coast Preserved_Specimen Stokes, J.F.G. Niihau BISH 1912-01-01
2 Capparis sandwichiana East Maui, Kahikinui along government road Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8694 Maui BISH 1910-11-01
3 Capparis sandwichiana Hawaii Preserved_Specimen Rémy, J. 529 Hawaii BISH 1851-01-01
4 Capparis sandwichiana Maunalei Gulch Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8095 Lanai BISH 1910-07-30
5 Capparis sandwichiana Keauhou Preserved_Specimen Rogers, D.P. 30 Hawaii BISH 1946-12-30
6 Capparis sandwichiana Near Makapu Pt Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1408 Oahu BISH 1909-11-28
7 Capparis sandwichiana Halena Preserved_Specimen Pekelo Jr., N. 32 Molokai BISH 1974-03-02
8 Capparis sandwichiana [Hawaiian Islands; U.S.A.; O`ahu; Hawai`i; Honolulu] Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. 108 Oahu BISH 1864-01-01
9 Capparis sandwichiana Near Sisal Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1759 Oahu BISH 1912-02-16
10 Capparis sandwichiana N Kona, Kealakehe, shore of Alula bay Preserved_Specimen Williamson, E. Hawaii BISH 1961-08-06
11 Capparis sandwichiana University of Hawaii (UH) (St. John Hall) botany courtyard, derived from plants at Barbers Point Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 1900 Oahu BISH 1985-01-01
12 Capparis sandwichiana Along beach at Puako, S of Mauna Kea Beach Hotel Preserved_Specimen Gillett, G.W. 1967 Hawaii BISH 1966-09-02
13 Capparis sandwichiana Maunalei Gorge Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8095 Lanai BISH 1910-07-30
14 Capparis sandwichiana Kaula Rock Preserved_Specimen Daehler, R. 17 Kaula Rock BISH 1971-08-17
15 Capparis sandwichiana Popoia Island, Kailua Bay Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 6021 Oahu BISH 1978-02-07
16 Capparis sandwichiana Old raised Coral reef E of Diamond Hill. Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. 108 Oahu BISH 1864-01-01
17 Capparis sandwichiana Limestone Point Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 117 Lanai BISH
18 Capparis sandwichiana Kapua, July 24, 1991, S Kona. Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 351 Hawaii BISH 1911-07-24
19 Capparis sandwichiana Koko Head Preserved_Specimen Shaw, G.W. 12931 Oahu BISH 1912-01-01
20 Capparis sandwichiana Maunalei, Limestone Point, (coast) Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 49 Lanai BISH 1913-09-01
21 Capparis sandwichiana Honopu Beach Preserved_Specimen Davis, J. Kauai BISH 1984-07-19
22 Capparis sandwichiana Nohili, Barking Sands, STARS (Strategic Target System) site. Preserved_Specimen Funk, E.J. Kauai BISH 1990-07-29
23 Capparis sandwichiana Limestone Point Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. Lanai BISH 1914-03-31
24 Capparis sandwichiana Foot of plateau, SE Preserved_Specimen Stokes, J.F.G. Niihau BISH 1912-01-01
25 Capparis sandwichiana Vicinity of Waipouli, Kau Preserved_Specimen Meinecke, W.H. Hawaii BISH 1971-08-17
26 Capparis sandwichiana Waipouli, Kau Preserved_Specimen Meinecke, W.H. Hawaii BISH 1971-09-24
27 Capparis sandwichiana Papaia; Small island near Kailua Preserved_Specimen Stokes, J.F.G. Oahu BISH 1915-11-01
28 Capparis sandwichiana Southeast Island; Seal Isle Preserved_Specimen Walker, R. Pearl & Hermes Atoll BISH 1964-03-12
29 Capparis sandwichiana Papaia; Small island near Kailua Preserved_Specimen Stokes, J.F.G. Oahu BISH 1915-11-01
30 Capparis sandwichiana [Hawaiian Islands; U.S.A.; O`ahu; Hawai`i; Honolulu] Preserved_Specimen Larsen, L.D. Oahu BISH 1932-05-07
31 Capparis sandwichiana Keauhou-kona, lands of Hokukano, near Puu ohai Preserved_Specimen Funk, E.J. Hawaii BISH 1991-11-06
32 Capparis sandwichiana Limestone Point Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. Lanai BISH 1913-12-13
33 Capparis sandwichiana Moomomi Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Molokai BISH
34 Capparis sandwichiana Foot of plateau, SE Preserved_Specimen Stokes, J.F.G. Niihau BISH 1912-01-01
35 Capparis sandwichiana Halena Preserved_Specimen Summers, C.C. Molokai BISH 1984-08-23
36 Capparis sandwichiana Kanapou Bay Preserved_Specimen Stokes, J.F.G. Kahoolawe BISH
37 Capparis sandwichiana Laysan Preserved_Specimen Schauinsland, H.H. Laysan Island BISH 1896-12-07
38 Capparis sandwichiana Ewa coral Flats -- lighthouse Preserved_Specimen Woolford, H.A. Oahu BISH 1957-06-07
39 Capparis sandwichiana No specific locality given Preserved_Specimen van Royen, P. 10247 Oahu BISH 1968-07-07
40 Capparis sandwichiana Limestone Point Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 474 Lanai BISH 1929-04-24
41 Capparis sandwichiana Kahuluu, N Kona In lava flow. Preserved_Specimen Flwrs white blooming at night, turning pink. Alexander, A.M. 5364 Hawaii BISH 1948-05-28
42 Capparis sandwichiana Halalii Lake, S end of On coral rock ledge. Preserved_Specimen Branches 1 m long, arching; fl white, fading pink, none fully open at noon. St.John, H. 22733 Niihau BISH 1947-08-12
43 Capparis sandwichiana Maunalua Rocky shore. Preserved_Specimen Spreading prostrate, fls white fragrant. Fosberg, V.O. 13 Oahu BISH 1935-06-06
44 Capparis sandwichiana N Kona District. Along HWY 19 by turnoff to Natural Enegergy Laboratory, at approx. 1 mile S of Keahole Airport (Kona) Lava covered with introduced grasses and scattered shrubs. Preserved_Specimen Low, spreading shrub 1 meter tall. Flowers sweetly fragrant, stamens and corolla white, fading pinkish. Lorence, D.H. 5481 Hawaii BISH 1987-08-06
45 Capparis sandwichiana East Maui, Hana District, Kaloi On aa lava, with koa haole. Preserved_Specimen Erect tree, 12 ft tall, 6 in diam, side branches 1 1/2 in diam. Pearsall, G.A. 37 Maui BISH 1955-12-27
46 Capparis sandwichiana Laniloa Point Growing among deeply eroded lava boulders. Preserved_Specimen Widely prostrate shrub with brittle stems, light green in all part. Flwr white with strong lemon smell in early morning. van Royen, P. 10247 Oahu BISH 1968-07-07
47 Capparis sandwichiana Waimanalo: Near Makapuu Point Climbing over lava rocks and foothills near Makapu`u Point Preserved_Specimen Semi-prostrate vine; length approximately 3 m; flowers white, fragrant Bryan Jr., E.H. 620 Oahu BISH 1927-08-07
48 Capparis sandwichiana [Hawaiian Islands; U.S.A.; North-West Hawaiian Islands; Laysan; Hawaii; Honolulu On higher elevations of the sand dunes. Preserved_Specimen Creeping habit, height 8-10. Flower white, fruit capsule. Wilder, G.P. 478 Laysan Island BISH 1930-08-10
49 Capparis sandwichiana Kamohio Bay, N wall of bay, growing on talus slope Growing on talus slope. Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 8054 Kahoolawe BISH 1978-11-27
50 Capparis sandwichiana NW coast of Waikahalulu Bay, on steep facing talus slope on NW coast On steep facing talus slope on NW coast. Growing vigourously with patches of low Prosopis pallida and Nicotiana glauca as dominant shrubs and scattered herbs of Heteropogon contortus, Chenopodium album, Digitaria ascendens, and Portulaca oleraceus. Pua-pilo consisted of 2 plants, on 45 degree slope, full sun. Preserved_Specimen Clarke, G. 375 Kahoolawe BISH 1980-04-22
51 Capparis sandwichiana Just S of Pounder's Beach On raised limestone bluff. Among Scaevola taccada and ironwood trees. Preserved_Specimen Approximately 50 feet x 35 feet colony of Capparis. Corn, C. Oahu BISH 1984-04-13
52 Capparis sandwichiana Nokukano Development Site makai of the belt road in Capt. Cook. On small ridge that crosses the site from the site from near the old railroad bed to the puu along the coast Growing among koa hoale bushes and large rocks. Preserved_Specimen Funk, E.J. Hawaii BISH 1991-11-01
53 Capparis sandwichiana Waimea District. A few hundred yards north from the far north end of Polihale Beach. About 10 feet up from vegetation line of rocky shoreline and vertical rocky cliffs. W/ Myoporum sandwicense, Leucaena leucocephala Preserved_Specimen Large, sprawling shrub about 8 feet tall and 12 feet diameter with large, showy white flowers exuding a sweet citrus fragrance. Walsh, S. 189 Kauai BISH 2016-01-25
54 Capparis sandwichiana Polihale Rocky shore subject to ocean spray during storms. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 27254 Kauai BISH 1960-11-22
55 Capparis sandwichiana Barbers Point, 1/2 mile E of Honouliuli On edge of coral sink hole. Preserved_Specimen 2 m shrub, withered fl pink, fl with 240 and 244 stamens. St.John, H. 24810 Oahu BISH 1952-04-27
56 Capparis sandwichiana Hawaii National Park, Keaoi Id Prostrate on rocks. Preserved_Specimen Fls white and showy; fr organ when mature. Fagerlund, G.O. 885 Hawaii BISH 1944-03-24
57 Capparis sandwichiana Polihale Beach Along rocky shoreline north of campsite approximately 100 yards. Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. Kauai BISH 1977-09-24
58 Capparis sandwichiana Palaueaahupuaa open, sunny, aa, degraded dry forest; Erythrina, Prosopis, Leucaena, Sida, Cenchrus ciliaris, Myoporum, Plumbago, Sicyos, Cereus, Stapelia, Triumfetta, Abutilon grandifolium, Bidens pilosa, Ipomoea, Doryopteris Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 60803 Maui BISH 2008-06-17
59 Capparis sandwichiana 50 yds. S of the campsite On sandy beach rise and surrounded by Scaevola. Preserved_Specimen Long, C.R. 2375 Laysan Island BISH 1964-09-19
60 Capparis sandwichiana Kau, Keoneokahuku On lava, hot, dry area. Preserved_Specimen Fls & fr (green and ripe), most plants in full bloom, few in fr. Meinecke, W.H. Hawaii BISH 1960-06-22
61 Capparis sandwichiana Kona on the coast near Honokahau Growing on pahoehoe within soil filled cracks. Associated plants include Pennisetum setaceum and Acacia farnesiana with some scattered Prosopis. Preserved_Specimen Growing as a sprawling bush about 4' in height and 5'-6' in diameter. Santos, N. 249 Hawaii BISH 1979-07-18
62 Capparis sandwichiana Waimea District. A few hundred yards north from the far north end of Polihale Beach. Just above high tide line of rocky shoreline. W/Myoporeum sandwicense, Leucaena leucocephala, Ricinus communis, Prosopis pallida Preserved_Specimen Large sprawling shrub, about 5 feet tall and 12x12feet in diameter. Walsh, S. 281 Kauai BISH 2016-07-14
63 Capparis sandwichiana East Maui, Hana District, Auwahi 100 yds above road to Hana Dry scrub area of lantana and Opuntia. Preserved_Specimen A running shrub climbing over aa lava and dead tree. Pearsall, G.A. 68 Maui BISH 1955-12-30
64 Capparis sandwichiana Nualolo Kai Growing on cliff face above beach. Preserved_Specimen ESP Field Crew 25 Kauai BISH 1979-07-20
65 Capparis sandwichiana Barber's Point, by coast Guard Light House Arid, coralline plain. Growing in assoc. w/ koa haole, kiawe, Achyranthus, Myoporum, Sesuvium, Lycium, Sporobolus virginicus, Cenchrus echinata, Setaria verticillata. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 498 Oahu BISH 1967-05-21
66 Capparis sandwichiana Barbers Point, near the State park Common along fenceline bordering a kiawe thicket. Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 1705 Oahu BISH 1984-08-19
67 Capparis sandwichiana Makolelau gulch, below Puu Kolekole In Dodonaea-Styphelia lowland mesic shrubland with Vaccinum, Psychotria, Diospyros, Sophora chrysophyla, Neraudia sericea, Lipochaeta rockii, Bidens menziesii, Myoporum, Wikstroemia, Metrosideros, Pleomele, Pittosporum, Chamaesyce, Lysimachia, Viola, Pipturus, Scaevola, Urera glabra, Lantana, Melinis minutiflora, Schiedea. Preserved_Specimen Perlman, S. 6680 Molokai BISH 1987-10-23
68 Capparis sandwichiana Lualualei Coral Plain. Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1928 Oahu BISH 1914-07-01
69 Capparis sandwichiana Along main road forty miles W of Volcano House in Kau Desert Dry pasture. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 30182 Hawaii BISH 1926-07-22
70 Capparis sandwichiana Waimea District. A few hundred yards north from the far north end of Polihale Beach. Vegetation line of rocky shoreline and vertical rocky cliffs. W/ Myoporum sandwicense, Leucaena leucocephala, Ricinus communis. Preserved_Specimen Large sprawling shrub about 4 feet tall and 12 feet diameter with large, showy white flowers exuding a sweet citrus fragrance. Walsh, S. 186 Kauai BISH 2016-01-25
71 Capparis sandwichiana Maunalua, 1/4 mile W of Kaloko In coral sand by basalt boulder, top of beach. Preserved_Specimen Fl white, withering pink. St.John, H. 21570 Oahu BISH 1946-02-09
72 Capparis sandwichiana South Kona District, Kalahiki Lava flows. Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Hawaii BISH 1958-04-28
73 Capparis sandwichiana Halena On lava cliff, in very dry location, in shade of kiawe tree. Preserved_Specimen Smooth woody vine; fls large, white with faint lemon-like odor; never fruits. [On drying petals and filaments are pink.] Nightingale, G.T. Molokai BISH 1958-06-30
74 Capparis sandwichiana Kailua; Popoia Island Flat rocky surface Preserved_Specimen Suffrutescent, scandent herb; flowers cream-white, turning pink Fosberg, F.R. 8891 Oahu BISH 1932-11-08
75 Capparis sandwichiana West side of island, 75 m from ocean Sandy. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 3/4 m high, fl white. Daniel, C.W. 5 Laysan Island BISH 1959-07-24
76 Capparis sandwichiana Kola District. Mahaulepu, cliff-side. Strand zone Scaevola dominant with FriCym, SidFal Preserved_Specimen Umetsu, R. 1 Kauai BISH 2016-10-04
77 Capparis sandwichiana Between Mahalepu and Shipwrecks beaches On coral, formations ablove beach. Preserved_Specimen Low spreading shrub to vine. Flowers large, white fragrant, fading to wilted pink by mid-morning. Flynn, T.W. 394 Kauai BISH 1983-04-05
78 Capparis sandwichiana Maunalei Occ. in dry rock pastur. Preserved_Specimen Fls white fragrant. Hosaka, E.Y. 1964 Lanai BISH 1938-04-14
79 Capparis sandwichiana Kekepa Islet, Heeia - Mokapu Raised dissected coral limestone. Preserved_Specimen Spreading, semi-prostrate shrub, fls white, turning pink, fragrant, wilting early in the day. Fosberg, F.R. 14255 Oahu BISH 1937-07-25
80 Capparis sandwichiana Maunalua, 1/4 mile W of Kaloko In coral sand by basalt boulder, top of beach. Preserved_Specimen Fl white, opening after dusk, withering pink. St.John, H. 21570 Oahu BISH 1946-02-09
81 Capparis sandwichiana Na Pali Coast, Honopu Beach, near sea level Growing on cliff face above sand dunes. Preserved_Specimen Viny shrub. Flowers white, with strong odor. Corn, C. 410 Kauai BISH 1979-07-20
82 Capparis sandwichiana On W shore South of Casuarina, growing with Boerhavia and Scaevola. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 1.2 m tall with white flowers, turning pink as they age. Young, A.L. 163 Laysan Island BISH 1964-09-17
83 Capparis sandwichiana Seal Island Entire island except beaches. Preserved_Specimen Shrub to 1/3 m. Caum, E.L. 54 Pearl & Hermes Atoll BISH 1923-04-27
84 Capparis sandwichiana N Kona, Kahului In lava. Preserved_Specimen Alexander, A.M. 5364 Hawaii BISH 1948-05-28
85 Capparis sandwichiana Koloa District Mahaulepu, coastal cliff near horse stables Scaevola taccada shrubland with Capparis sandwichiana, Lycium sandwichiansis, Jacquemontia ovalifolia, Sida fallax, Fimbristylis cymosa, Euphorbiua degeneri, Lantana camara Preserved_Specimen scattered vines with white flowers, immature fruit Perlman, S. 23481 Kauai BISH 2013-05-28
86 Capparis sandwichiana Polihale Beach. 04: 0423272, 2444131. Growing in the talus area about a 5 minute walk beyond the sandy beach, at the base of the Hikimoe (HIK) drainage according to the Population Reference code system. Preserved_Specimen This specimen matches the location and morphological description of the previously recognized C. sandwichiana var. zoharyi, having puberulent young shoots and buds. Sporck-Koehler, M. 15 Kauai BISH 2013-05-03
87 Capparis sandwichiana Kahuku, Koolauloa. Limestone formations along Kamehameha Hwy across from Tanaka Store At windward edge of large limestone outcrop. In company with Schinus & Lantana. Preserved_Specimen Single, windswept shrub less than 1' ht. Nagata, K.M. 2331 Oahu BISH 1981-06-07
88 Capparis sandwichiana Just east of Kalama Point, talus slump, with southern exposure and a very steep (50 degree) slope Talus slump, with southern exposure and a very steep (50 degree) slope. Other plants growing in sparse patches: Prosopis, Jacquemontia, Leucaena, Waltheria, Boerhavia, Echinochloa colona and Heteropogon contortus. Preserved_Specimen Clarke, G. 395 Kahoolawe BISH 1980-04-23
89 Capparis sandwichiana Kekepa Island [Kaneohe Bay] Kekepa Island is a raised limestone reef. Preserved_Specimen growing in soil pockets or in thin soil layer over base limestone. Herbst, D.R. 5855 Oahu BISH 1976-06-06
90 Capparis sandwichiana Waimea District. Growing in rocks at base of cliffs N of Polihale beach. Seaside. Myporum sandiwicense, Leucaena leucocephala, Ricinus communis. Preserved_Specimen Sprawling shrub with three large white flowers, lemony fragrance; fruits green turning purplish at bases, pendant; petals and stamens turning deep pink/purple as flowers senesce. Deans, S.M. 20 Kauai BISH 2016-01-25
91 Capparis sandwichiana East of Barber's Point In thickets of Leucaena, Myoporum et al.; on eroded coral platform near sea-level Preserved_Specimen Locally abundant shrub, prostrate or up to 1 m high; flowers white,very fragrant, vistited at dusk by bees Webster, G.L. 13836 Oahu BISH 1968-06-22
92 Capparis sandwichiana East Maui, Hana District, Kaloi On aa lava, with koa haole. Preserved_Specimen Erect tree, 12 ft tall, 6 in diam, side branches 1 1/2 in diam. Pearsall, G.A. 38 Maui BISH 1955-12-27
93 Capparis sandwichiana Keauhou Bay, S Kona Common locally on aa lava. Preserved_Specimen Spreading shrub 1 m tall, flowers faded. Fosberg, F.R. 42067 Hawaii BISH 1961-09-08
94 Capparis sandwichiana 5 miles SW of Ewa at Barbers Point, behind lighthouse In partial shade. Preserved_Specimen Low shrubs; flwrs white, nocturnal flowering. Henrickson, J.S. 3821 Oahu BISH 1969-07-05
95 Capparis sandwichiana Polihale Rocky shore subject to ocean spray during storms. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 27254 Kauai BISH 1960-11-22
96 Capparis sandwichiana East Maui, Makawao District, Keoneoio Bare lava flow. Preserved_Specimen 2 m shrub. St.John, H. 17723 Maui BISH 1936-12-22
97 Capparis sandwichiana Ahihi-Kinau Natural Area Reserve, Kipuka at the head of the trail towards Pohaku Paea from the midstop along Makena-Keoneoio road Pockets of vegetation in a'a lava and at roadside. Preserved_Specimen Scattered small trees up to 2 m; in bud. One tree with leaves eaten to transparent patches. Abbott, I.A. 91.39 Maui BISH 1991-03-06
98 Capparis sandwichiana E coast of Kamohio Bay. Large steep talus slope with deep drainage gulch to the N Talus having a W exposure and very steep. With Prosopis, Nicotiana glauca, Jacquemontia, Boerhavia, Euphorbia multiformis, & Portulaca lutea. Preserved_Specimen Clarke, G. 378 Kahoolawe BISH 1980-04-22
99 Capparis sandwichiana Pounders beach, raised limestone bluffs on S side of beach With Scaevola sericea lowland dry shrubland & Lipochaeta integrifolia, Fimbristylis cymosa, Heliotropium, Portulaca. Preserved_Specimen Shrubs with flowers and fruit. Perlman, S. 6280 Oahu BISH 1987-08-09
100 Capparis sandwichiana Visitor Center and main ruins, Puuhonua o Honaunau National Historical Park Predominantly exotic vegetation. Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 10264 Hawaii BISH 1984-04-08
101 Capparis sandwichiana Bryan recalls this locality as at E end of Island near the cliffs of Kanapou Bay. H. St. J. 3/6/46. On cliff face near sea. On cliff face near sea. Preserved_Specimen Vine or shrub. Fl not seen. Fruit pickle shaped. Bryan Jr., E.H. 723 Kahoolawe BISH 1931-02-13
102 Capparis sandwichiana Popoia islet, Flat island, Kailua Bay Raised coral, native strand with Chenopodium oahuense, Heliotropium anomalum, Ipomoea indica, Portulaca lutea, Fimbristylis cymosa, Lycium sandwicensis, Mariscus, Pluchea indica, Morinda citrifolia, Leucaena leucocephala, Sesuvium portulacastrum, Asystasia gangetica. Preserved_Specimen Perlman, S. 12558 Oahu BISH 1992-02-13
103 Capparis sandwichiana Laie; Punamano On crest of limestone ridge on hills above Punamano; Koolauloa Distnear Kahuku Found in dense shade of Ficus rubiginosa Preserved_Specimen Sprawling, straggling shrub Nagata, K.M. 3943 Oahu BISH 1988-12-27
104 Capparis sandwichiana Alau, offshore islet SW of Hana coastal herb, shrub, grassland; Scaevola sericea, Sesuvium portulacastrum, Vigna marina, Boehavia repens, Portulaca lutea, Schiedea globosa Preserved_Specimen vigorous, early bud Wood, K.R. 12906 Maui BISH 2008-03-19
105 Capparis sandwichiana Along highway between Kailua and Keahole Airport Growing on exposed, arid a'a lava. Preserved_Specimen Scandent shrub with nocturnal, white, fragrant flowers - turning pink when wilted. Foliage fetid when crushed. Herbst, D.R. 5010 Hawaii BISH 1974-09-16
106 Capparis sandwichiana Kaena Point Arid coastal lava rocks. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 9952 Oahu BISH 1935-07-20
107 Capparis sandwichiana Laehi Pt. off Keamuku road Scaevola taccada shrubland with Nama sandwicensis, Lycium sandwicensis, Sida fallax, Heteropogon contortus, Prosopis pallida, Leucaena leucocephala, Lantana camara Preserved_Specimen vines with flowers, about 10-20 vines seen. Perlman, S. 23447 Lanai BISH 2013-05-15
108 Capparis sandwichiana Between Lono Harbor and Kaunakakai On steep enbankment. by road near ocean. Plant is being shaded by introduced trees. Preserved_Specimen Not seen in a reproductive state. Corn, C. Molokai BISH 1982-05-18
109 Capparis sandwichiana SW end of E Maui, 1/2 mi NW of LaPerouse Bay In lava flow. Preserved_Specimen Shrub about 4 ft high; fls attractive. Korte, K.H. Maui BISH 1955-08-01
110 Capparis sandwichiana Kawaihoa Point On tuff rocks. Preserved_Specimen Depressed shrub. St.John, H. 23614 Niihau BISH 1949-03-31
111 Capparis sandwichiana East Maui, Papakea District In scrub with Algaroba and Myoporum. Preserved_Specimen Medeiros, A.C. 582 Maui BISH 1983-11-20
112 Capparis sandwichiana 30-40 yds outside of Kona Airport, along rd leading to HWY 19 On volcanic rock. Preserved_Specimen Procumbent shrub. Flwrs white, fragrant, turning pink with age; 4 sepals (1 pouched-shaped, light green, 3 others reflexed), 2 upper petals pouched-shaped, white, yellow within. Fruit green. Teraoka, W. 10 Hawaii BISH 1979-04-20
113 Capparis sandwichiana S Kona, Kapua bay and surronding areas, in ahupuaa of Kaupa Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 7714 Hawaii BISH 1977-07-01
114 Capparis sandwichiana N Kona. Lava flow on Huehue Ranch below main highway and c. 6-8 mi inland from Kona airport Dry `a`a lava, largely barren. Preserved_Specimen Gillett, G.W. 1859 Hawaii BISH 1966-02-04
115 Capparis sandwichiana Lae Hi, on raised limestone; mostly near shore with one outlier observed upslope. on raised limestone; mostly near shore with one outlier observed upslope. Vegetation: Nama, Fimbristylis, Panicum, Myoporum, Scaevola, Lycium, Sporobolus, Sesuvium, Heliotropium, Boerhavia, Sida, Tribulus, Prosopis, Leucaena, Eragrostis, Lantana, Chamaesyce Preserved_Specimen Local shrubs Oppenheimer, H.L. 51307 Lanai BISH 2013-05-15
116 Capparis sandwichiana N Island Open, sand, dry. Preserved_Specimen Erect herb, height 20 cm. Wilder, G.P. 2 Pearl & Hermes Atoll BISH 1923-05-18
117 Capparis sandwichiana Lae Hi Point Near sea to makai side of road, on limestone bluff, with Fimbristylis, Lipochaeta integrifolia, Lycium, Chamaesyce degeneri, Prosopis pallida, Lantana, Leucaena leucocephala. Preserved_Specimen Perlman, S. 6412 Lanai BISH 1987-08-31
118 Capparis sandwichiana Hanalei District, Kalalau. Along coast near stream outlet Coastal cliff habitat Scaevola taccada, Chenopodium oahuense, Artemisia australis, Vigna maritima, Bidens hillebrandiana var. polycephala Preserved_Specimen Sprawling shrub, about 2 feet tall. Walsh, S. 764 Kauai BISH 2020-09-12
119 Capparis sandwichiana Waimanalo Arid coastal limestone rocks. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 9951 Oahu BISH 1935-07-03
120 Capparis sandwichiana Moeauoa, N Kona Dist Common on bare `a`a lava. Preserved_Specimen (Arching ?) shrub 1 m tall, spreading, 3 m. Branches fragile lvs subcarnose, galucous, at 10 AM all flwrs faded & pink. Cowan, R.S. 22455 Hawaii BISH 1946-12-28
121 Capparis sandwichiana Laysan In patches all over the higher parts of the Island. Preserved_Specimen Woody, shrub. Bryan, W.A. Laysan Island BISH 1903-04-01
122 Capparis sandwichiana Barbers Point, behind Coast Guard lighthouse Arid coralline flat-land. Preserved_Specimen Scandent, woody shrub. Flowers nocturnal, white, fragrant, becoming pink when wilted. Foliage dull green w/fetid odor when crushed. Fruit green, seeds embedded in fetid orange pulp. Herbst, D.R. 667 Oahu BISH 1967-10-23
123 Capparis sandwichiana Mahaulepu, near Koloa. Seaside cliffs. Preserved_Specimen Sprawling shrub growing over rocky substratum; flowers sweet smelling, white, stems exceedingly brittle to 3/4 dia. Stern, W.L. 3118 Kauai BISH 1974-03-27
124 Capparis sandwichiana Kailua; Kuapa Cliffs Preserved_Specimen Vine, with white flowers Brown, F.B.H. 1309 Oahu BISH 1924-08-23
125 Capparis sandwichiana Kamohio Bay, E wall of bay, growing on talus slope Growing on talus slope. Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 8051 Kahoolawe BISH 1978-11-27
126 Capparis sandwichiana Anaehoomalu Bay along shore just S of canoe club Disturbed coastal vegetation; growing under Prosopis. Preserved_Specimen spreading shrub Price, J.P. 3 Hawaii BISH 2000-07-21
127 Capparis sandwichiana Near lighthouse, Barber's Point, SW Oahu On rough coral plain, with Achyranthes splendens, Lycium sandwicensis, Myoporum sandwicensis, Portulaca, Sesuvium. Preserved_Specimen Sprawling shrub to 2 ft high. Fls white, petals suffused with yellow in petals forming spur. Carlquist, S. 2424 Oahu BISH 1967-03-22
128 Capparis sandwichiana On raised limestone bluff just S of Pounder's Beach Among Scaevola taccada and ironwood trees. Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. Oahu BISH 1984-04-13
129 Capparis sandwichiana On raised limestone bluff just S of Pounder's Beach Among Scaevola taccada and ironwood trees. Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. Oahu BISH 1984-04-13
130 Capparis sandwichiana Lae Hi Point Here & there on arid calcareous outcrop. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 28590 Lanai BISH 1963-07-31
131 Capparis sandwichiana West side of island, 75 m from ocean Sandy. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 3/4 m high, fl white. Daniel, C.W. 5 Laysan Island BISH 1959-07-24
132 Capparis sandwichiana Kanaio District In sandy area, with Euphorbia celastroides. Preserved_Specimen Medeiros, A.C. 601 Maui BISH 1983-11-20
133 Capparis sandwichiana Polihale Rocky shore subject to ocean spray during storms. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 27254 Kauai BISH 1960-11-22
134 Capparis sandwichiana Hanalei District: At base of cliffs past the end of the sand at Polihale. Dry coastal cliffs surrounded by naio shrubland. W/Myoporum sandwicense, Leucaena leucocephala, Ricinus communis. Preserved_Specimen Sprawling shrub with ~12 open flowers, many buds and few immature fruits. Deans, S. 156 Kauai BISH 2016-07-14
135 Capparis sandwichiana Nuu Rough lava flow. Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1914 Maui BISH 1920-03-09
136 Capparis sandwichiana NE corner of Kanapou Bay. Growing on a talus slope, siding a small cove w/ a boulder beach strewn w/ a great amount of flotsam Other plants included Euphorbia celastroides, Argemone glauca, Waltheria, Prosopis, Heliotropium and Jacquemontia. Preserved_Specimen Clarke, G. 399 Kahoolawe BISH 1980-04-23
137 Capparis sandwichiana S. Kona, Kealakekua cliff of on Kealakekua Bay Preserved_Specimen Shrub 5 ft tall. Greenwell, A.B.H. 7 Hawaii BISH 1950-11-03
138 Capparis sandwichiana Kekepa, Oahu Preserved_Specimen Occasional. Scattered, about 12+ patches. Starr, F. 504186 Oahu BISH 2005-04-18
139 Capparis sandwichiana Barbers Point Preserved_Specimen morning. Takeuchi, W.N. 1706 Oahu BISH 1984-08-19
140 Capparis sandwichiana Barber's Point, about 1/2 mi back of beach along old road, below kiawe Preserved_Specimen Erect shrub, 1 m. tall. Note long petioles and thin leaves. Egler, F.E. 37277 Oahu BISH 1937-08-11
141 Capparis sandwichiana Polihale Rocky shore subject to ocean spray during storms. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 27256 Kauai BISH 1960-11-27
142 Capparis sandwichiana Polihale Beach Along rocky shoreline north of campsite approximately 100 yards. Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. Kauai BISH 1977-09-24
143 Capparis sandwichiana Kaula Rock Preserved_Specimen Caum, E.L. 1 Kaula Rock BISH 1932-08-17
144 Capparis sandwichiana Kau, Wawae, near Makalepo Preserved_Specimen Meinecke, W.H. Hawaii BISH 1946-09-01
145 Capparis sandwichiana Ewa Beach, Field 2 Preserved_Specimen Fl pale lavender. Woolford, H.A. Oahu BISH 1956-07-04
146 Capparis sandwichiana East Maui, Hana Preserved_Specimen Fruit - pods. Livermore, K. Maui BISH 1933-08-07
147 Capparis sandwichiana Ewa coral plains Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 121 Oahu BISH 1922-11-08
148 Capparis sandwichiana Keauhou, N Kona Dist Preserved_Specimen Cowan, R.S. 22463 Hawaii BISH 1946-12-29
149 Capparis sandwichiana Kaula Rock Preserved_Specimen Caum, E.L. 1 Kaula Rock BISH 1932-08-17
150 Capparis sandwichiana Kamalo Gulch Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 588 Molokai BISH 1912-09-01
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